機房氣體消防對數據中心的要求
一 設計依據
設計需達到以下標準：《高層民用建筑設計防火規范》GB50045-95 (2001年版)《七氟丙烷 (HFC-227ea)潔凈氣體滅火系統設計規范》廣東省標準DBJ15-23-1999《火災自動報警系統設計規范》GB50116-98
二 防火措施及設計
1、建(jian)筑上的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)措施(shi)數(shu)據中心(xin)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)應(ying)盡量(liang)(liang)采用(yong)(yong)非易燃及(ji)(ji)阻(zu)燃材(cai)料，以(yi)(yi)(yi)減少火(huo)災(zai)危險。合(he)理(li)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu), 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)火(huo)勢(shi)蔓延。2、設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)警報及(ji)(ji)滅(mie)火(huo)設(she)備劃(hua)分(fen)消防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)等(deng)級，采用(yong)(yong)有(you)效的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)警報和(he)滅(mie)火(huo)設(she)施(shi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)及(ji)(ji)抑制火(huo)災(zai)。3、氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)消防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)消防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)應(ying)符合(he)安(an)全(quan)可靠、技術先進、節省投資(zi)的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)則。采用(yong)(yong)FM200七氟(fu)丙(bing)烷(wan)（HFC-227ea）氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)-大(da)(da)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)筑面積約500平方(fang)米(mi)，-大(da)(da)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)容積為(wei)2000立方(fang)米(mi)。氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)自動滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)采用(yong)(yong)有(you)管(guan)網組(zu)(zu)(zu)合(he)分(fen)配(pei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，即系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)在氣(qi)瓶間(jian)按(an)-大(da)(da)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)滅(mie)火(huo)藥劑瓶組(zu)(zu)(zu)，通過組(zu)(zu)(zu)合(he)分(fen)配(pei)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)-大(da)(da)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)8個(ge)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)，某(mou)個(ge)發生火(huo)警的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)能自動選擇啟動釋放(fang)藥劑滅(mie)火(huo)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)節省投資(zi)。根據七氟(fu)丙(bing)烷(wan)(HFC-227ea)潔凈氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)計規范(fan)（DBJ15-23-1999）要求：當(dang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合(he)分(fen)配(pei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)中有(you)關(guan)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)滅(mie)火(huo)設(she)計用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)，應(ying)采用(yong)(yong)該組(zu)(zu)(zu)合(he)中某(mou)個(ge)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)設(she)計用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)-大(da)(da)者替(ti)代。用(yong)(yong)于需不間(jian)斷保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)超過8個(ge)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合(he)成(cheng)的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合(he)分(fen)配(pei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，應(ying)設(she)七氟(fu)丙(bing)烷(wan)備用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)，備用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)按(an)原(yuan)(yuan)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)100%確定。

機房氣體滅火依據

火(huo)警(jing)信號(hao)集中(zhong)(zhong)管理的必(bi)要(yao)性(xing)    機房氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)一般要(yao)與大(da)樓(lou)的總火(huo)災(zai)報(bao)警(jing)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)（中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)）進(jin)(jin)行通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)應該向中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)提供火(huo)警(jing)、噴(pen)放(fang)、故(gu)障(zhang)三種(zhong)信號(hao)，以便中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)對(dui)(dui)此(ci)區(qu)(qu)域有一定的了解。對(dui)(dui)在(zai)高層(ceng)建筑內(nei)的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)必(bi)須(xu)與中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)有火(huo)警(jing)、噴(pen)放(fang)、故(gu)障(zhang)三種(zhong)信號(hao)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)，而(er)中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)并不(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，就(jiu)(jiu)算(suan)機房有人24小時值班(ban)也要(yao)與中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)，因為高層(ceng)建筑消防他(ta)是(shi)一個整體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，一旦(dan)某(mou)個部位發生火(huo)災(zai)，大(da)樓(lou)內(nei)相關的警(jing)報(bao)和應急措(cuo)施都得啟動，不(bu)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)則此(ci)區(qu)(qu)域對(dui)(dui)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)而(er)言將成為一個“盲區(qu)(qu)”，“盲區(qu)(qu)”在(zai)高層(ceng)建筑里面是(shi)不(bu)允許出現的。    有些工程中(zhong)(zhong)機房的探(tan)測器(qi)本身就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)利用中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)的總線探(tan)測器(qi)，利用控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)模塊向滅(mie)火(huo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)傳輸報(bao)警(jing)狀態信號(hao)。這樣(yang)只能說(shuo)是(shi)報(bao)警(jing)信號(hao)直(zhi)接通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)，但機房發生火(huo)災(zai)后到底啟動沒啟動滅(mie)火(huo)設(she)施中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)得而(er)知，所以還要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行噴(pen)放(fang)和故(gu)障(zhang)狀態通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)。

有(you)管網(wang)滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)系(xi)統一般都(dou)(dou)有(you)專用房(fang)間放置(zhi)滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)控制器，有(you)時為(wei)方(fang)便(bian)操作(zuo)也可放置(zhi)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員比較多的(de)(de)(de)值班位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。然而無管網(wang)滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)系(xi)統中大多數控制器都(dou)(dou)鑲嵌(qian)在(zai)無管滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)箱體上，隨無管網(wang)滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)裝置(zhi)一同擺放到(dao)保護區(qu)內，然而滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)擺放位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)一般受(shou)到(dao)噴射角度、活動面(mian)積、空遮擋(dang)等(deng)諸多因素影響，使得控制器的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)都(dou)(dou)不(bu)夠理(li)想，往往都(dou)(dou)被擋(dang)在(zai)機柜后面(mian)域操作(zuo)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)及不(bu)方(fang)便(bian)。為(wei)此建議(yi)在(zai)無管網(wang)滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中應(ying)將控制器找(zhao)-方(fang)便(bian)操作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)單獨(du)設置(zhi)，不(bu)要(yao)隨箱體安(an)裝，這樣(yang)一來無管網(wang)滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)系(xi)統工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全性會有(you)很大提高。

火(huo)(huo)(huo)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)信(xin)號集中(zhong)(zhong)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要性機(ji)(ji)房(fang)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)滅火(huo)(huo)(huo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一般要與(yu)大(da)樓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)心)進行通(tong)訊(xun)，氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)滅火(huo)(huo)(huo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)應該向報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)心提供火(huo)(huo)(huo)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、噴(pen)放、故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)3種信(xin)號，以(yi)便報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)心對此區域有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了解。對在(zai)高層(ceng)建筑內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)滅火(huo)(huo)(huo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)必須與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)有(you)火(huo)(huo)(huo)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、噴(pen)放、故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)3種信(xin)號通(tong)訊(xun)，而(er)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)心并(bing)不(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)滅火(huo)(huo)(huo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。就算(suan)機(ji)(ji)房(fang)有(you)人(ren)24小時值班也要與(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)心通(tong)訊(xun)，因為高層(ceng)建筑消防(fang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是一個整體(ti)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，一旦某個部位發生(sheng)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災，大(da)樓內(nei)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)報(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)應急措施都得(de)啟動，不(bu)(bu)通(tong)訊(xun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話則此區域對于(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)心而(er)言(yan)將成為一個"盲區"，"盲區"在(zai)高層(ceng)建筑里(li)是不(bu)(bu)允(yun)許出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)些工程中(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)房(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探測器(qi)本身就可以(yi)利(li)用報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)線探測器(qi)，利(li)用控(kong)制(zhi)模塊向滅火(huo)(huo)(huo)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)傳輸報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)狀(zhuang)態信(xin)號。但機(ji)(ji)房(fang)發生(sheng)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災后到是否(fou)啟動了滅火(huo)(huo)(huo)設施報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)心就不(bu)(bu)得(de)而(er)知，所(suo)以(yi)還要進行噴(pen)放和(he)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)狀(zhuang)態通(tong)訊(xun)。

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防(fang)火(huo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)割在消(xiao)防(fang)設計過(guo)程(cheng)中應該注意的(de)若干問題    每個氣體滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)系統(tong)在設計之初都要先(xian)進行滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)區劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)，滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)區劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)的(de)結果往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)直接影(ying)響整個工程(cheng)的(de)造價，由于每個工程(cheng)的(de)實(shi)際使(shi)用工藝流程(cheng)不盡相同，滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)區的(de)劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)也五花八門，具體劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)方法(fa)以以下實(shi)例舉例：

火(huo)災之后的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)風(feng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)計(ji)時(shi)必不可(ke)少(shao)(shao)的(de)(de)(de)子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)之一，但是由于此系(xi)統(tong)(tong)屬(shu)于空調(diao)專業的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍，所以在設(she)計(ji)時(shi)經(jing)常由于設(she)計(ji)單位缺少(shao)(shao)這(zhe)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)經(jing)驗(yan)，忽略了這(zhe)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)。當(dang)火(huo)災發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)時(shi)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)霧(wu)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是以一氧化碳為(wei)主，這(zhe)種氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)具有強烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)窒(zhi)息作用，對人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命構成極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)威脅。另外，火(huo)災發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)所產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)霧(wu)遮擋(dang)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)視線，使人(ren)們在疏散時(shi)無法辨別(bie)方(fang)向，尤(you)其是高層建筑因其自身的(de)(de)(de)"煙(yan)(yan)筒效應(ying)(ying)(ying)"，使煙(yan)(yan)霧(wu)的(de)(de)(de)上升速(su)度非常快(kuai)，危害(hai)性是顯(xian)而易見的(de)(de)(de)。火(huo)災發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)后應(ying)(ying)(ying)該立(li)即使防排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)工(gong)作。機(ji)房是相對密閉的(de)(de)(de)環境，當(dang)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)噴(pen)射后，氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)劑不容易排(pai)除(chu)，安裝排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)可(ke)幫助排(pai)除(chu)殘留氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)劑。《氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)計(ji)規范(fan)》中規定(ding)“滅(mie)(mie)火(huo)后的(de)(de)(de)防護區(qu)(qu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)通(tong)風(feng)換(huan)氣(qi)，地下防護區(qu)(qu)和(he)無窗或設(she)同定(ding)窗扇(shan)的(de)(de)(de)地上防護區(qu)(qu)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)設(she)置機(ji)械排(pai)風(feng)裝置，排(pai)風(feng)口宜設(she)在防護區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)下部并應(ying)(ying)(ying)直(zhi)通(tong)室外。通(tong)信機(ji)房、電子(zi)計(ji)算機(ji)房等場所的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)風(feng)換(huan)氣(qi)次數(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)不小(xiao)于每小(xiao)時(shi)5次。”